what happened to the confederation of the rhine after the congress of vienna
Coordinates: fifty°07′N viii°41′E / 50.117°N eight.683°E / l.117; 8.683
| Confederated States of the Rhine Rheinische Bundesstaaten (German) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806–1813 | |||||||||
| Commemorative medal | |||||||||
 The Confederation of the Rhine in 1812 | |||||||||
| Status | Customer state of the French Empire | ||||||||
| Capital | Frankfurt | ||||||||
| Common languages | High german, French | ||||||||
| Religion |
| ||||||||
| Government | Confederated French client states | ||||||||
| Protector | |||||||||
| • 1806–1813 | Napoleon I | ||||||||
| Prince-Primate | |||||||||
| • 1806–1813 | Karl von Dalberg | ||||||||
| • 1813 | Due east. de Beauharnais | ||||||||
| Legislature | Nutrition of the Confederation | ||||||||
| Historical era | Napoleonic Wars | ||||||||
| • Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine | 12 July 1806 | ||||||||
| • Holy Roman Empire dissolved | six August 1806 | ||||||||
| • Dissolved afterward Battle of Leipzig | 4 November 1813 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
The Confederated States of the Rhine,[a] but known as the Confederation of the Rhine,[b] too known as Napoleonic Deutschland, was a confederation of High german client states established at the behest of Napoleon some months subsequently he defeated Austria and Russia at the Battle of Austerlitz. Its cosmos brought about the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire shortly afterward. The Confederation of the Rhine lasted from 1806 to 1813.[one]
The founding members of the confederation were German princes of the Holy Roman Empire. They were later joined by 19 others, altogether ruling a full of over xv meg subjects. This granted a pregnant strategic advantage to the French Empire on its eastern frontier past providing a buffer betwixt France and the 2 largest German language states, Prussia and Republic of austria (which also controlled substantial non-German lands).
Germination [edit]
On 12 July 1806, on signing the Treaty of the Confederation of the Rhine (High german: Rheinbundakte) in Paris, xvi High german states joined together in a confederation (the treaty called information technology the états confédérés du Rhinelande , with a precursor in the League of the Rhine).[2] The "Protector of the Confederation" was a hereditary function of the Emperor of the French, Napoleon. On one August, the members of the confederation formally seceded from the Holy Roman Empire, and on 6 August, following an ultimatum by Napoleon, Francis II alleged the Holy Roman Empire dissolved. Francis and his Habsburg dynasty connected as emperors of Austria.
Chart for the construction of the Confederation as projected in 1806
According to the treaty, the confederation was to be run by common ramble bodies, but the individual states (in particular the larger ones) wanted unlimited sovereignty.[1] Instead of a monarchical head of state, every bit the Holy Roman Emperor had had, its highest office was held by Karl Theodor von Dalberg, the old Curvation Chancellor, who now bore the championship of a Prince-Primate of the confederation. As such, he was President of the Higher of Kings and presided over the Nutrition of the Confederation, designed to be a parliament-like body although it never really assembled.[i] The President of the Council of the Princes was the Prince of Nassau-Usingen.
In return for their support of Napoleon, some rulers were given higher statuses: Baden, Hesse, Cleves, and Berg were made into grand duchies, and Württemberg and Bavaria became kingdoms. Several fellow member states were also enlarged with the absorption of the territories of Purple counts and knights who were mediatized at that fourth dimension. They had to pay a very high price for their new status, notwithstanding. The Confederation was above all a military alliance; the member states had to maintain substantial armies for mutual defence force and supply France with big numbers of military personnel. As events played out, the members of the confederation institute themselves more subordinated to Napoleon than they had been to the Habsburgs when they were inside the Holy Roman Empire.[3]
Afterwards Prussia lost to France in 1806, Napoleon cajoled nigh of the secondary states of Federal republic of germany into the Confederation of the Rhine. Eventually, an additional 23 German states joined the Confederation. Information technology was at its largest in 1808, when it included 36 states—four kingdoms, 5 thou duchies, 13 duchies, seventeen principalities, and the Free Hansa towns of Hamburg, Lübeck, and Bremen.[1] The west bank of the Rhine and the Principality of Erfurt had been annexed outright by the French Empire. Thus, as either emperor of the French or protector of the Confederation of the Rhine, Napoleon was now the overlord of all of Germany except Republic of austria, Prussia, Danish Holstein, and Swedish Pomerania, plus previously independent Switzerland, which were not included in the Confederation.
In 1810 big parts of what is now northwest Deutschland were apace annexed to French republic in order to better monitor the trade embargo with U.k., the Continental Arrangement.
The Confederation of the Rhine collapsed in 1813, in the backwash of Napoleon's failed invasion of the Russian Empire. Many of its members changed sides afterwards the Battle of Leipzig, when information technology became credible Napoleon would lose the War of the Sixth Coalition.
Types of states within the Confederation [edit]
Both French influence and internal autonomy varied profoundly throughout the confederations' existence. There was also a great variation between the power and influence of the individual states. In that location are iii basic types:
- The first grouping formed the "Model States", which were mostly ruled past relatives of Napoleon. These include the Kingdom of Westphalia[four] [ page needed ] under Jérôme Bonaparte. The Grand Duchy of Berg was first administered by Joachim Murat earlier he was appointed King of Naples in 1808, then by Napoleon himself. The third model state was the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt, which was run by the house of Dalberg until 1813. Considering of the collapse of the Napoleonic supremacy, this position could no longer justify its own existence. These new foundations were intended to serve as a model for the remaining Rhine federal states through their legal and social policies, such as the Napoleonic Code.
- The second group were the reform states of Bavaria, Württemberg, Baden, and Hesse-Darmstadt. These were not dependent areas just in many means Napoleon's truthful allies. Although these states took inspiration from the French model, they too went their own manner. The historian Lothar Gall suggested that the rulers of the Confederation of the Rhine were made revolutionaries by Napoleon himself. Opposition to the emperor would have been possible only by renouncing the ability that he had given to them. "He had non made satellites which were politically incapable of action and forced to exist obedient through use of force, but real allies who followed in his well-understood policy reasons of state."[5]
- A third group formed united states of america that joined later 1806. These included the numerous smaller northern and cardinal German territories, except for Saxony. In these, the internal changes were minimal.[6] The reforms remained significantly limited in these states. However, there were too considerable differences among these states. In Mecklenburg and Saxony, the former structures remained nigh unchanged. In the Duchy of Nassau, on the other hand, Government minister Ernst Franz Ludwig Marshal von Bieberstein ensured moderate administrative modernization and the introduction of religious tolerance.
Fellow member monarchies [edit]
The post-obit tabular array shows the members of the confederation, with their engagement of joining, besides as the number of troops provided, listed in parentheses.[7]
1806
1808 (greatest extent)
1812
College of Kings [edit]
| Member monarchy | Yr joined | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Grand Duchy of Baden | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; former margraviate (8,000) |
 Kingdom of Bavaria | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; sometime duchy (thirty,000) |
 Yard Duchy of Berg | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; absorbed Cleves, both formerly Duchies (5,000) |
 Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; former landgraviate (iv,000) |
 Principality of Regensburg | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; formerly Prince-Archbishopric and Electorate; after 1810 the  Chiliad Duchy of Frankfurt (968 of iv,000) |
 Kingdom of Saxony | xi Dec 1806 | Old electorate (20,000) |
 Kingdom of Westphalia | 15 Nov 1807 | Napoleonic creation (25,000) |
 Kingdom of Württemberg | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; former duchy (12,000) |
 Grand Duchy of Würzburg | 23 Sep 1806 | Napoleonic creation (2,000) |
Higher of Princes [edit]
| Member monarchy | Year joined | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg | 11 Apr 1807 | (700) |
 Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau | 11 April 1807 | (700) |
| Duchy of Anhalt-Köthen | 11 Apr 1807 | (700) |
 Duchy of Arenberg | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; mediatized 13 December 1810 (379 of iv,000) |
 Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder (97 of iv,000) |
| Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder (193 of 4,000) |
 Principality of Isenburg | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder (291 of 4,000) |
 Principality of Leyen | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; quondam countship or graviate (29 of 4,000) |
 Principality of Liechtenstein | 12 Jul 1806 | Co-founder (xl of iv,000) |
 Principality of Lippe-Detmold | 11 Apr 1807 | (650) |
 Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | 22 Mar 1808 | (1,900) |
| Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | 18 February 1808 | (400) |
 Duchy of Nassau (Usingen and Weilburg) | 12 Jul 1806* | Union of  Nassau-Usingen and  Nassau-Weilburg, both co-founders (1,680 of 4,000) |
 Duchy of Oldenburg | fourteen Oct 1808 | annexed by France xiii December 1810 (800) |
 Principality of Reuss-Ebersdorf | 11 April 1807 | (400) |
 Principality of Reuss-Greiz | 11 Apr 1807 | (400) |
 Principality of Reuss-Lobenstein | 11 Apr 1807 | (400) |
| Principality of Reuss-Schleiz | 11 Apr 1807 | (400) |
 Principality of Salm (Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg) | 25 Jul 1806 | Co-founder; annexed past France thirteen December 1810 (323 of iv,000) |
 Duchy of Saxe-Coburg | 15 Dec 1806 | (Saxon duchies total 2,000) |
| Duchy of Saxe-Gotha | fifteen Dec 1806 | |
| Duchy of Saxe-Hildburghausen | fifteen December 1806 | |
| Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen | 15 Dec 1806 | |
| Duchy of Saxe-Weimar | xv Dec 1806 | |
 Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe | xi April 1807 | (650) |
 Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt | 11 Apr 1807 | (650) |
 Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen | 11 Apr 1807 | (650) |
 Principality of Waldeck-Pyrmont | xi Apr 1807 | (400) |
Backwash [edit]
The allies opposing Napoleon dissolved the Confederation of the Rhine on 4 November 1813. After its demise, the only attempt at political coordination in Frg until the cosmos on eight June 1815 of the German Confederation was a trunk called the Central Administration Quango (German: Zentralverwaltungsrat); its President was Heinrich Friedrich Karl Reichsfreiherr vom und zum Stein (1757–1831). It was dissolved on 20 June 1815.
On thirty May 1814 the Treaty of Paris alleged the German states independent.
In 1814–1815, the Congress of Vienna redrew the continent'southward political map. Napoleonic creations such as the huge Kingdom of Westphalia, the Yard Duchy of Berg and the Duchy of Würzburg were abolished; suppressed states, including Hanover, the Brunswick duchies, Hesse-Kassel and Oldenburg, were reinstated. On the other hand, most members of the Confederation of the Rhine located in key and southern Germany survived with minor border changes. They, along with the reinstated states, Prussia, and Austria, formed the German language Confederation.[8]
Run into also [edit]
- History of Frg
- League of the Rhine
- List of French possessions and colonies
- List of German monarchs
- West Germany
Notes [edit]
Explanatory notes [edit]
- ^ German: Rheinische Bundesstaaten; French: États confédérés du Rhin
- ^ German: Rheinbund; French: Confédération du Rhin
Citations [edit]
- ^ a b c d Hans A. Schmitt. "Germany Without Prussia: A Closer Look at the Confederation of the Rhine". High german Studies Review 6, No. 4 (1983), pp 9–39.
- ^ For the treaty (in French), run into here
- ^ Germany at Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Berding, Helmut (1973). Napoleonische Herrschafts- und Gesellschaftspolitik im Königreich Westfalen 1807–1813. Göttingen/Zürich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
- ^ Gall. Liberalismus als regierende Partei. p. 85.
- ^ Siemann. om Staatenbund zum Nationalstaat: Federal republic of germany 1806-1871. pp. 23–24.
- ^ Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine, 12 July, 1806 Archived 29 May 2011 at archive.today
- ^ "The Showtime Treaty of Paris, thirty May 1814". world wide web.historyhome.co.uk . Retrieved 12 May 2021.
External links [edit]
- English language translation of the treaty establishing the Confederation of the Rhine
- French version of the treaty establishing the Confederation of the Rhine
- Confederation of the Rhine on Napoleon Guide.com
- Confederation of the Rhine on World Statesmen.org
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Rhine#:~:text=The%20Confederation%20of%20the%20Rhine%20collapsed%20in%201813%2C%20in%20the,War%20of%20the%20Sixth%20Coalition.
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